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""" CrossViT Model

@inproceedings{
    chen2021crossvit,
    title={{CrossViT: Cross-Attention Multi-Scale Vision Transformer for Image Classification}},
    author={Chun-Fu (Richard) Chen and Quanfu Fan and Rameswar Panda},
    booktitle={International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
    year={2021}
}

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.14899
Original code: https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/blob/main/models/crossvit.py

NOTE: model names have been renamed from originals to represent actual input res all *_224 -> *_240 and *_384 -> *_408
"""

# Copyright IBM All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0


"""
Modifed from Timm. https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/vision_transformer.py

"""

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.hub
from functools import partial
from typing import List

from timm.data import IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN, IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD
from .helpers import build_model_with_cfg
from .layers import DropPath, to_2tuple, trunc_normal_
from .registry import register_model
from .vision_transformer import Mlp, Block


def _cfg(url='', **kwargs):
    return {
        'url': url,
        'num_classes': 1000, 'input_size': (3, 240, 240), 'pool_size': None, 'crop_pct': 0.875,
        'mean': IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN, 'std': IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD, 'fixed_input_size': True,
        'first_conv': ('patch_embed.0.proj', 'patch_embed.1.proj'),
        'classifier': ('head.0', 'head.1'),
        **kwargs
    }


default_cfgs = {
    'crossvit_15_240': _cfg(url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_15_224.pth'),
    'crossvit_15_dagger_240': _cfg(
        url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_15_dagger_224.pth',
        first_conv=('patch_embed.0.proj.0', 'patch_embed.1.proj.0'),
    ),
    'crossvit_15_dagger_408': _cfg(
        url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_15_dagger_384.pth',
        input_size=(3, 408, 408), first_conv=('patch_embed.0.proj.0', 'patch_embed.1.proj.0'), crop_pct=1.0,
    ),
    'crossvit_18_240': _cfg(url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_18_224.pth'),
    'crossvit_18_dagger_240': _cfg(
        url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_18_dagger_224.pth',
        first_conv=('patch_embed.0.proj.0', 'patch_embed.1.proj.0'),
    ),
    'crossvit_18_dagger_408': _cfg(
        url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_18_dagger_384.pth',
        input_size=(3, 408, 408), first_conv=('patch_embed.0.proj.0', 'patch_embed.1.proj.0'), crop_pct=1.0,
    ),
    'crossvit_9_240': _cfg(url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_9_224.pth'),
    'crossvit_9_dagger_240': _cfg(
        url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_9_dagger_224.pth',
        first_conv=('patch_embed.0.proj.0', 'patch_embed.1.proj.0'),
    ),
    'crossvit_base_240': _cfg(
        url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_base_224.pth'),
    'crossvit_small_240': _cfg(
        url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_small_224.pth'),
    'crossvit_tiny_240': _cfg(
        url='https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT/releases/download/weights-0.1/crossvit_tiny_224.pth'),
}


class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """ Image to Patch Embedding
    """

    def __init__(self, img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_chans=3, embed_dim=768, multi_conv=False):
        super().__init__()
        img_size = to_2tuple(img_size)
        patch_size = to_2tuple(patch_size)
        num_patches = (img_size[1] // patch_size[1]) * (img_size[0] // patch_size[0])
        self.img_size = img_size
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.num_patches = num_patches
        if multi_conv:
            if patch_size[0] == 12:
                self.proj = nn.Sequential(
                    nn.Conv2d(in_chans, embed_dim // 4, kernel_size=7, stride=4, padding=3),
                    nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
                    nn.Conv2d(embed_dim // 4, embed_dim // 2, kernel_size=3, stride=3, padding=0),
                    nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
                    nn.Conv2d(embed_dim // 2, embed_dim, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
                )
            elif patch_size[0] == 16:
                self.proj = nn.Sequential(
                    nn.Conv2d(in_chans, embed_dim // 4, kernel_size=7, stride=4, padding=3),
                    nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
                    nn.Conv2d(embed_dim // 4, embed_dim // 2, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1),
                    nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
                    nn.Conv2d(embed_dim // 2, embed_dim, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1),
                )
        else:
            self.proj = nn.Conv2d(in_chans, embed_dim, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size)

    def forward(self, x):
        B, C, H, W = x.shape
        # FIXME look at relaxing size constraints
        assert H == self.img_size[0] and W == self.img_size[1], \
            f"Input image size ({H}*{W}) doesn't match model ({self.img_size[0]}*{self.img_size[1]})."
        x = self.proj(x).flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
        return x


class CrossAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim, num_heads=8, qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        # NOTE scale factor was wrong in my original version, can set manually to be compat with prev weights
        self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim ** -0.5

        self.wq = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.wk = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.wv = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        B, N, C = x.shape
        # B1C -> B1H(C/H) -> BH1(C/H)
        q = self.wq(x[:, 0:1, ...]).reshape(B, 1, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        # BNC -> BNH(C/H) -> BHN(C/H)
        k = self.wk(x).reshape(B, N, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        # BNC -> BNH(C/H) -> BHN(C/H)
        v = self.wv(x).reshape(B, N, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)

        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale  # BH1(C/H) @ BH(C/H)N -> BH1N
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)

        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, 1, C)  # (BH1N @ BHN(C/H)) -> BH1(C/H) -> B1H(C/H) -> B1C
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x


class CrossAttentionBlock(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, dim, num_heads, mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, drop=0., attn_drop=0.,
                 drop_path=0., act_layer=nn.GELU, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm):
        super().__init__()
        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
        self.attn = CrossAttention(
            dim, num_heads=num_heads, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale, attn_drop=attn_drop, proj_drop=drop)
        # NOTE: drop path for stochastic depth, we shall see if this is better than dropout here
        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x[:, 0:1, ...] + self.drop_path(self.attn(self.norm1(x)))

        return x


class MultiScaleBlock(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, dim, patches, depth, num_heads, mlp_ratio, qkv_bias=False, drop=0., attn_drop=0.,
                 drop_path=0., act_layer=nn.GELU, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm):
        super().__init__()

        num_branches = len(dim)
        self.num_branches = num_branches
        # different branch could have different embedding size, the first one is the base
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList()
        for d in range(num_branches):
            tmp = []
            for i in range(depth[d]):
                tmp.append(Block(
                    dim=dim[d], num_heads=num_heads[d], mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio[d], qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
                    drop=drop, attn_drop=attn_drop, drop_path=drop_path[i], norm_layer=norm_layer))
            if len(tmp) != 0:
                self.blocks.append(nn.Sequential(*tmp))

        if len(self.blocks) == 0:
            self.blocks = None

        self.projs = nn.ModuleList()
        for d in range(num_branches):
            if dim[d] == dim[(d + 1) % num_branches] and False:
                tmp = [nn.Identity()]
            else:
                tmp = [norm_layer(dim[d]), act_layer(), nn.Linear(dim[d], dim[(d + 1) % num_branches])]
            self.projs.append(nn.Sequential(*tmp))

        self.fusion = nn.ModuleList()
        for d in range(num_branches):
            d_ = (d + 1) % num_branches
            nh = num_heads[d_]
            if depth[-1] == 0:  # backward capability:
                self.fusion.append(
                    CrossAttentionBlock(
                        dim=dim[d_], num_heads=nh, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio[d], qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
                        drop=drop, attn_drop=attn_drop, drop_path=drop_path[-1], norm_layer=norm_layer))
            else:
                tmp = []
                for _ in range(depth[-1]):
                    tmp.append(CrossAttentionBlock(
                        dim=dim[d_], num_heads=nh, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio[d], qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
                        drop=drop, attn_drop=attn_drop, drop_path=drop_path[-1], norm_layer=norm_layer))
                self.fusion.append(nn.Sequential(*tmp))

        self.revert_projs = nn.ModuleList()
        for d in range(num_branches):
            if dim[(d + 1) % num_branches] == dim[d] and False:
                tmp = [nn.Identity()]
            else:
                tmp = [norm_layer(dim[(d + 1) % num_branches]), act_layer(),
                       nn.Linear(dim[(d + 1) % num_branches], dim[d])]
            self.revert_projs.append(nn.Sequential(*tmp))

    def forward(self, x: List[torch.Tensor]) -> List[torch.Tensor]:

        outs_b = []
        for i, block in enumerate(self.blocks):
            outs_b.append(block(x[i]))

        # only take the cls token out
        proj_cls_token = torch.jit.annotate(List[torch.Tensor], [])
        for i, proj in enumerate(self.projs):
            proj_cls_token.append(proj(outs_b[i][:, 0:1, ...]))

        # cross attention
        outs = []
        for i, (fusion, revert_proj) in enumerate(zip(self.fusion, self.revert_projs)):
            tmp = torch.cat((proj_cls_token[i], outs_b[(i + 1) % self.num_branches][:, 1:, ...]), dim=1)
            tmp = fusion(tmp)
            reverted_proj_cls_token = revert_proj(tmp[:, 0:1, ...])
            tmp = torch.cat((reverted_proj_cls_token, outs_b[i][:, 1:, ...]), dim=1)
            outs.append(tmp)
        return outs


def _compute_num_patches(img_size, patches):
    return [i[0] // p * i[1] // p for i, p in zip(img_size, patches)]


class CrossViT(nn.Module):
    """ Vision Transformer with support for patch or hybrid CNN input stage
    """

    def __init__(
            self, img_size=224, img_scale=(1.0, 1.0), patch_size=(8, 16), in_chans=3, num_classes=1000,
            embed_dim=(192, 384), depth=((1, 3, 1), (1, 3, 1), (1, 3, 1)), num_heads=(6, 12), mlp_ratio=(2., 2., 4.),
            qkv_bias=True, drop_rate=0., attn_drop_rate=0., drop_path_rate=0.,
            norm_layer=partial(nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6), multi_conv=False, crop_scale=False,
    ):
        super().__init__()

        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.img_size = to_2tuple(img_size)
        img_scale = to_2tuple(img_scale)
        self.img_size_scaled = [tuple([int(sj * si) for sj in self.img_size]) for si in img_scale]
        self.crop_scale = crop_scale  # crop instead of interpolate for scale
        num_patches = _compute_num_patches(self.img_size_scaled, patch_size)
        self.num_branches = len(patch_size)
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.num_features = embed_dim[0]  # to pass the tests
        self.patch_embed = nn.ModuleList()

        # hard-coded for torch jit script
        for i in range(self.num_branches):
            setattr(self, f'pos_embed_{i}', nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1 + num_patches[i], embed_dim[i])))
            setattr(self, f'cls_token_{i}', nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dim[i])))

        for im_s, p, d in zip(self.img_size_scaled, patch_size, embed_dim):
            self.patch_embed.append(
                PatchEmbed(img_size=im_s, patch_size=p, in_chans=in_chans, embed_dim=d, multi_conv=multi_conv))

        self.pos_drop = nn.Dropout(p=drop_rate)

        total_depth = sum([sum(x[-2:]) for x in depth])
        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, total_depth)]  # stochastic depth decay rule
        dpr_ptr = 0
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList()
        for idx, block_cfg in enumerate(depth):
            curr_depth = max(block_cfg[:-1]) + block_cfg[-1]
            dpr_ = dpr[dpr_ptr:dpr_ptr + curr_depth]
            blk = MultiScaleBlock(
                embed_dim, num_patches, block_cfg, num_heads=num_heads, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio,
                qkv_bias=qkv_bias, drop=drop_rate, attn_drop=attn_drop_rate, drop_path=dpr_, norm_layer=norm_layer)
            dpr_ptr += curr_depth
            self.blocks.append(blk)

        self.norm = nn.ModuleList([norm_layer(embed_dim[i]) for i in range(self.num_branches)])
        self.head = nn.ModuleList([
            nn.Linear(embed_dim[i], num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity()
            for i in range(self.num_branches)])

        for i in range(self.num_branches):
            trunc_normal_(getattr(self, f'pos_embed_{i}'), std=.02)
            trunc_normal_(getattr(self, f'cls_token_{i}'), std=.02)

        self.apply(self._init_weights)

    def _init_weights(self, m):
        if isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
            trunc_normal_(m.weight, std=.02)
            if isinstance(m, nn.Linear) and m.bias is not None:
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
        elif isinstance(m, nn.LayerNorm):
            nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1.0)

    @torch.jit.ignore
    def no_weight_decay(self):
        out = set()
        for i in range(self.num_branches):
            out.add(f'cls_token_{i}')
            pe = getattr(self, f'pos_embed_{i}', None)
            if pe is not None and pe.requires_grad:
                out.add(f'pos_embed_{i}')
        return out

    def get_classifier(self):
        return self.head

    def reset_classifier(self, num_classes, global_pool=''):
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.head = nn.ModuleList(
            [nn.Linear(self.embed_dim[i], num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity() for i in
             range(self.num_branches)])

    def forward_features(self, x):
        B, C, H, W = x.shape
        xs = []
        for i, patch_embed in enumerate(self.patch_embed):
            x_ = x
            ss = self.img_size_scaled[i]
            if H != ss[0] or W != ss[1]:
                if self.crop_scale and ss[0] <= H and ss[1] <= W:
                    cu, cl = int(round((H - ss[0]) / 2.)), int(round((W - ss[1]) / 2.))
                    x_ = x_[:, :, cu:cu + ss[0], cl:cl + ss[1]]
                else:
                    x_ = torch.nn.functional.interpolate(x_, size=ss, mode='bicubic', align_corners=False)
            x_ = patch_embed(x_)
            cls_tokens = self.cls_token_0 if i == 0 else self.cls_token_1  # hard-coded for torch jit script
            cls_tokens = cls_tokens.expand(B, -1, -1)
            x_ = torch.cat((cls_tokens, x_), dim=1)
            pos_embed = self.pos_embed_0 if i == 0 else self.pos_embed_1  # hard-coded for torch jit script
            x_ = x_ + pos_embed
            x_ = self.pos_drop(x_)
            xs.append(x_)

        for i, blk in enumerate(self.blocks):
            xs = blk(xs)

        # NOTE: was before branch token section, move to here to assure all branch token are before layer norm
        xs = [norm(xs[i]) for i, norm in enumerate(self.norm)]
        return [xo[:, 0] for xo in xs]

    def forward(self, x):
        xs = self.forward_features(x)
        ce_logits = [head(xs[i]) for i, head in enumerate(self.head)]
        if not isinstance(self.head[0], nn.Identity):
            ce_logits = torch.mean(torch.stack(ce_logits, dim=0), dim=0)
        return ce_logits


def _create_crossvit(variant, pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    if kwargs.get('features_only', None):
        raise RuntimeError('features_only not implemented for Vision Transformer models.')

    def pretrained_filter_fn(state_dict):
        new_state_dict = {}
        for key in state_dict.keys():
            if 'pos_embed' in key or 'cls_token' in key:
                new_key = key.replace(".", "_")
            else:
                new_key = key
            new_state_dict[new_key] = state_dict[key]
        return new_state_dict

    return build_model_with_cfg(
        CrossViT, variant, pretrained,
        default_cfg=default_cfgs[variant],
        pretrained_filter_fn=pretrained_filter_fn,
        **kwargs)


@register_model
def crossvit_tiny_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224/240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[96, 192], depth=[[1, 4, 0], [1, 4, 0], [1, 4, 0]],
        num_heads=[3, 3], mlp_ratio=[4, 4, 1], **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_tiny_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_small_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224/240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[192, 384], depth=[[1, 4, 0], [1, 4, 0], [1, 4, 0]],
        num_heads=[6, 6], mlp_ratio=[4, 4, 1], **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_small_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_base_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224/240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[384, 768], depth=[[1, 4, 0], [1, 4, 0], [1, 4, 0]],
        num_heads=[12, 12], mlp_ratio=[4, 4, 1], **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_base_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_9_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224/240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[128, 256], depth=[[1, 3, 0], [1, 3, 0], [1, 3, 0]],
        num_heads=[4, 4], mlp_ratio=[3, 3, 1], **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_9_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_15_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224/240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[192, 384], depth=[[1, 5, 0], [1, 5, 0], [1, 5, 0]],
        num_heads=[6, 6], mlp_ratio=[3, 3, 1], **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_15_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_18_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224 / 240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[224, 448], depth=[[1, 6, 0], [1, 6, 0], [1, 6, 0]],
        num_heads=[7, 7], mlp_ratio=[3, 3, 1], **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_18_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_9_dagger_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224 / 240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[128, 256], depth=[[1, 3, 0], [1, 3, 0], [1, 3, 0]],
        num_heads=[4, 4], mlp_ratio=[3, 3, 1], multi_conv=True, **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_9_dagger_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_15_dagger_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224/240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[192, 384], depth=[[1, 5, 0], [1, 5, 0], [1, 5, 0]],
        num_heads=[6, 6], mlp_ratio=[3, 3, 1], multi_conv=True, **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_15_dagger_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_15_dagger_408(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 384/408), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[192, 384], depth=[[1, 5, 0], [1, 5, 0], [1, 5, 0]],
        num_heads=[6, 6], mlp_ratio=[3, 3, 1], multi_conv=True, **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_15_dagger_408', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_18_dagger_240(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 224/240), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[224, 448], depth=[[1, 6, 0], [1, 6, 0], [1, 6, 0]],
        num_heads=[7, 7], mlp_ratio=[3, 3, 1], multi_conv=True, **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_18_dagger_240', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def crossvit_18_dagger_408(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(
        img_scale=(1.0, 384/408), patch_size=[12, 16], embed_dim=[224, 448], depth=[[1, 6, 0], [1, 6, 0], [1, 6, 0]],
        num_heads=[7, 7], mlp_ratio=[3, 3, 1], multi_conv=True, **kwargs)
    model = _create_crossvit(variant='crossvit_18_dagger_408', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model
